Human Freedom And The Self By Roderick M. Chisholm Essay

In the paper, â€Å"Human Freedom and the Self† Roderick M. Chisholm offers his theory of human freedom and defends it against a couple objections. One of the objections we will talk about which is the second objection is connected to the concept of immanent causation, where causation is by an agent, he argues how the statement â€Å"the prime mover unmoved† (page 391) has been subject to difficulty. Chisholm explains immanent causation as being an agent causing the event A to happen, but although the agent is causing A to happen the agent is not moved by anything. The argument to this objection is that â€Å"there must be some event A, which is caused not by any other event but by the agent† (page 391). Well since A was not cause by another event then the agent couldn’t have produced anything either to bring A about, so â€Å"what did the agent’s causation consist of† (page 391). Also another point that was made in the objection was the ques tion â€Å"what is the difference between A’s just happening and the agents causing A to happen† (page 391). Chisholm responds by saying that there is a difference between man causing A and an event causing A. The two are not the same because transeunt causation is connected to determinism, which makes the train of events, happen and immanent causation as he explains it is when the agent causes the event. He then sums up his answer by saying the reason â€Å"lies in the fact that, in the first case but not the second, the event was caused by the man† (pg. 391) HeShow MoreRelatedHuman Freedom And The Self By Roderick M. Chisholm1151 Words   |  5 PagesIn â€Å"Human Freedom and the Self,† Roderick M. Chisholm takes the libertarian stance, arguing that freedom is incompatible with determinism, that determinism is in fact false, and that humans do posses the kind of freedom required for moral responsibility. Chisholm argues that a deterministic universe, where all events, including human actions, proceed from prior events without the possibility that they would proceed differently than they do prevent the possibility that humans are responsible for theirRead MoreChisholm and Free Will Essay1290 Words   |  6 PagesBefore I begin it is pertinent to note the disparate positions on the problem of human freedom. In Human Freedom and the Self, Roderick M. Chisholm takes the libertarian stance which is contiguous with the doctrine of incompatibility. Libertarians believe in free will and recognize that freedom and determinism are incompatible. The determinist also follow the doctrine of incompatibility, and according to Chisholms formulation, their view is that every event involved in an act is caused byRead More The Free Will Debate Essay2989 Words   |  12 PagesFree will is directly connected to two other vital philosophical issues: freedom of action and moral accountability, which is the main reason why the debate is so vital. Simply stated, a person who has free will refers to an individual’s ability to choose his or her route of action. However, animals also appear to suit this measure, further adding to the debate because free will is typically thought to only be possessed by human beings (Broad 1990). Over the years, there has been an extended runningRead MoreDecision Theory: a Brief Introduction28334 Words   |  114 Pagesensure that they can reach a conclusion even if they are in disagreement? Almost everything that a human being does involves decisions. Therefore, to theorize about decisions is almost the same as to theorize about human 5 activitities. However, decision theory is not quite as all-embracing as that. It focuses on only some aspects of human activity. In particular, it focuses on how we use our freedom. In the situations treated by decision theorists, there are options to choose between, and we choose

History of HIV in Two Countries - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2332 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: AIDS (HIV) Essay Did you like this example?    There are many countries around the world that are affected by the HIV epidemic. Two countries in particular are Africa and Russia. Nowhere in the world is the HIV/AIDS epidemic been more devastating than the continent of Africa. For South Africa, political chaos and a long history of government denial of the disease fueled an epidemic that had reached disastrous amounts by the late 1990s and early 2000s.Even today, despite plummeting death rates and better leadership on the HIV/AIDS war front, the rate of new HIV infections continue to rise year on year. As a result of this, South Africa still today is the country with the largest population of HIV infected people in the world. For the history of HIV in Africa it is largely believed thatit originated in Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of Congo around 1920 when HIV crossed species from chimpanzees to humans. Up until the 1980s, it is not known how many people were infected with HIV or had developed AIDS. The HIV infection was unknown and transmission was not followed by any noticeable symptoms. While random cases of AIDS were documented before 1970, existing information suggests that the current epidemic started in the mid to late 1970s. By 1980, HIV may have already spread to North America, South America, Europe, Africa and Australia. By this time between 100,000 and 300,000 people could have already been infected with the HIV virus. In 1983, doctors reported cases of a new, fatal wasting disease locally known as slim in Uganda. However, as the country was in the midst of this a ll, the HIV problem was for the most part largely ignored. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History of HIV in Two Countries" essay for you Create order While political trouble dominated the media, HIV was largely ignored while it was becoming a public health disaster. It was only in the 1990s that President Nelson Mandela acknowledged his governments grievance to the crisis, but by this time South Africa had already become the largest population of people with HIV in the world. By 2000, the South African Department of Health outlined a five year HIV/AIDS plan but received practically no support from the South African President Thabo Mbeki. President Thabo Mbeki rejected usual HIV science and instead blamed the growing AIDS epidemic on poverty, colonialism, and business greed. Without government support, the five year plan did not get off the ground as quickly as the country planned, with very few showing up to receive freeantiretroviral medication. In the meantime, HIV among pregnant South African women soared to over 30% by 2000. It was only with the removal of President Thabo Mbeki from office in 2008 that the government took step s to take on this health catastrophe, increasing efforts to become what is known today as the largest HIV drug programs in the world. However, increasing pressure to expand has been weakened by a deteriorating public health structure and the weakening of the South African currency under newly elected President Jacob Zuma. To date, less than 30% of people with HIV are on medication in South Africa, while the HIV virus rates among young adults continue to rise. South Africa has the biggest HIV epidemic in the world, with 7.2 million people living with HIV as of 2017. HIV is at a high percentage among the general population at 18.9%. Particular groups who have the highest rates of HIV in Africa are men who have sex with men, transgender women, sex workers and people who inject drugs in South Africa. Since there is such a high rate of HIV in South Africa, the country has made huge improvements in getting people to test for HIV in recent years with 86% of people aware of their HIV status. Africa has the largest Antiretroviral Treatment program in the world, which has went through even more growth in recent years which began to emerge in both the gay community and the black population. By mid 1990s, HIV rates had increased by 60%, but the government remained with the test and treat guidelines. South Africa was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to fully approve Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis also known as PrEP, which is now being made available to people at high risk of infection. Nationally, HIV infection amongsex workers is estimated at 57.7%, although this depends between areas. Certain factors increase HIV risk for South African sex workers, including poverty status, lack of different career opportunities, etc. Injecting drug use is also common among sex workers, increasing their risk to the HIV virus even more. HIV infection amongmen who have sex with men in South Africa is now estimated at 26.8%, but this also varies geographically. Transgender women in Sub-Saharan Africa are twice as likely to have HIV as men who are in homosexual relationships. In 2016, an estimation of 17% of people who inject drugs in South Africa were living with HIV. However, IV drug use rs only sum up for 1.3% of new HIV infections in South Africa. Recent studies have found that only 59% of young people in South Africa have sufficient knowledge of ways to prevent themselves from HIV.Only 5% of schools were providing widespread sexuality education in South Africa in 2016, but over the next five years the government has committed to increasing this to 50% in areas with high rates of HIV infection. The 2012 National Communication Survey on HIV/AIDS found the countrys HIV communication programs were having a positive effect, particularly on young people from the ages of 15 to 24, with an increase in condom usage, testing services and male circumcision. Though knowledge around safe breastfeeding practices among pregnant mothers living with HIV still remains low. In 2018, The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS reported that 4.4 million people were receiving treatment for their HIV infection in South Africa. This equals up to 61% of the people living with HIV in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second country impacted by the HIV epidemic is Russia. HIV first emerged as a public health issue at the end of 1986 in Russia. The first case was identified in a Russian man who was believed to have contracted the disease while in Africa. He then apparently transmitted the virus to 15 Soviet soldiers who he had sex with. Since privacy laws didnt exist in the Soviet Republic at the time, the names of those infected were publicized by the states media, which mocked them for living so called corrupt lifestyles that led to their disease. The fact that homosexuality was illegal and remains illegal under the countries Russian LGBT propaganda law, only served tostigmatizethe men as well as HIV itself. In the late 1980s, mandatory HIV testing was started across the Soviet Union, which was often done without the approval or knowledge of the person being tested. Over 142 million people had been tested which none were anonymous in 1991. Positive HIV tests were dealt with a ggressive efforts made to identify and often publicized, the pathof infection from one person to the next. The early 1990s saw the highest point of political conflict in the Soviet Union, pushing the HIV crisis into the shadows. In Russia, foreign HIV prevention information was available, but once translated into Russian, could no longer be found in the country. Public prevention campaigns failed to exist at that time because many considered this time period to be the age of the Russian sexual revolution.With a rise in injecting drug use throughout the country, the HIV epidemic was left unchecked, with the disease spreading like wildfire. With the rise of the newly independent Russian Federation of States, AIDS agencies commanded little importance among leaders in the Russian government and is receiving even less funding. Poor communication among the few HIV organizations that existed resulted in poor information communicated to agencies and treaters on the ground. Unlike most count ries, Russias HIV epidemic is growing, with the rate of new infections rising between 10 and 15% each year. It is estimated that in Russia over 250 people become infected with HIV every day.The continued shift away from progressive policies towards socially conservative legislation is an obstacle to enforcing HIV prevention and treatment.Russia has the highest number of people who inject drugs in the region at about 1.8 million which accounts for 2.3% of the adult population.The ban on non traditional sexual relations among minors blocks information about HIV and support services.Preventing mother to child transmission is one of Russias HIV success stories. The government announced it had achieved a 98% success rate in 2016. By the middle of 2017, 1.16 million people had been diagnosed with HIV in Russia. However, this does not amount to the number of people currently living with HIV as well as AIDS related deaths or people who are still undiagnosed with HIV. Russias HIV epidemic is now targeted on certain groups. In 2016, IV drug users represented the largest percentage of new diagnoses at 48.8%, followed by heterosexual sex transmission at 48.7%, homosexual sex at 1.5% and 0.8% due to mother to child transmission. Although data is limited, it is estimated that around 500,000 people in Russia are unaware of their HIV positive status.HIV testing is available, but only covering about 19.3% of the population which is around 30 million people. Now HIV testing is carried out generally, rather than being targeted towards certain groups most affected by HIV. As a result of this, certain populations made up for less than 1% of the 24 million HIV tests that were carried out in Russia in 2011. With new infections rising year after year, a targeted, combination prevention strategy is needed to slow this epidemic. The Russian Prime Minister approved Russias 2017-2020 HIV strategy in 2016, which is the first official HIV document to be drawn up since Russias 2002-2006 str ategy. The plan aims to reduce transmission rates by focusing on prevention programs and decrease the number of AIDS related deaths in the country. However, although the help of social change and support of high affected populations is discussed, no national programs are created. As for condoms, they are widely available to buy in Russia, but theres no government backed free distribution programs, and condom use is thought to be low. The practice of using condoms is also controversial. For example, a 2015 national public health campaign about HIV prevention focused on faithfulness rather than promoting condom use. Funding for sex education in schools is also minimal to none. Socially conservative forces advocate for the teaching of moral education, which focuses on subjects such as chastity and faithfulness in heterosexual marital relationships, as opposed to sex education, which includes accurate information about human development, anatomy and reproductive health, as well as infor mation about contraception, childbirth, STIs, gender relations, sexuality and gender identities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Africa and Russia are two countries that are severely affected by the HIV epidemic although the reasons why and how for the two is different. In Africa, the groups most affected by HIV are sex workers at 57.7%, homosexuals at 26.8%, IV drug users at 17%, followed by a small percentage of transgender women. While in Russia, the groups most affected are IV drug users at the highest percentage of 48.8%, heterosexual relations at 48.7%, followed by homosexual sex at 22% and mother to child transmission at a low percentage. In Africa, since poverty is at an all time high in many areas, people turn to sex working, where many women for example, contract HIV. The stigmatism against using a condom also doesnt help the cycle of contracting HIV. Many homosexual relations contract HIV because many dont get tested and arent aware of their status and refrain from using condoms as well. Next for IV drug users, many contract HIV by sharing dirty needles and equipment. The last group which doesnt have a very high percentage, but is still very vulnerable to HIV is transgender women. Since many are excluded in society, they neglect to get tested for HIV. If there was more information given at home, in schools and on the media to advocate about risky sexual behavior and programs set up to give people condoms or new needles/syringes then maybe many of these percentages would be much less. Although in South Africa many improvements have been made with approving the PreP program made available to people at high risk of infection, improvements in getting people to test for HIV in recent years, with 61% of adults on antiretroviral treatments and 58% of children on antiretroviral treatments. Now in comparison to Russia. The groups most affected by HIV are heterosexuals, IV drug users, homosexuals, and mother to child transmissions. In Russia, the group most affected is heterosexual relations. This is because gender inequality, intimate partner violence and sexual violen ce are common within Russian society. IV drug users are highly susceptible because of sharing used needles and many are denied access to HIV information and prevention causing them to not access testing available. Homosexuals are also vulnerable because of the lack of knowledge towards risky sexual behavior and the Russian society which frowns upon homosexual relations causing many to not go and get tested. Lastly mother to child transmission although at a small percentage is also probable since they can actually give the HIV virus to their baby through breast feeding because there is not enough advocacy that mothers should go out and get tested. If funding, HIV research and education was better supported in Russian government and society, then these percentages would significantly decrease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I see the future of the HIV epidemic coming to a hault. There are many strides being made around the globe, by the United States, Africa and many other countries. People all over the world are receiving effective HIV treatments and scientists are working to have more treatment options available. Many are aware of their status and are participating in safe sex and have the knowledge to reduce their risk of infection. In 2015, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS launched a target to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. No matter whether the strides being made are big or small, were on the track to ending this epidemic. Although a cure for HIV may be out of reach, I believe that with sufficient testing, treatment prevention strategies and funding, this is the way to end the HIV epidemic, although itll be a long journey.

The Power of Persuasion in Advertisements Essay - 1220 Words

The viewer sits on the couch, nestled inside a cozy, warm blanket with a large bowl of buttery and salty popcorn on his lap. His heart starts racing as the movie reaches its climax. Just as his lungs stop breathing and his eyes grow wide with fascination, the channel changes to an old advertisement that he’s seen a thousand times. Ads like that one appeal to the three main techniques that have subliminal messages to viewers. These different techniques have proven to be effective with television watchers. Advertisers use these three techniques to target a certain audience. Demographics play a large role in aiding businesses with the adequate information to convince the viewers. The main demographics include gender, age, culture, race, and†¦show more content†¦The advertisements generally deal with breakfast foods, toys, clothing, and cars. The targeted age range covers a wide spread. Depending on the type of channel, the advertisements will vary and target a certain age group. â€Å"Transforming a brand into a socially responsible leader doesnt happen overnight by simply writing new marketing and advertising strategies. It takes effort to identify a vision that your customers will find credible and aligned with their values† (Mainwaring). For example, the â€Å"Leo Messi on the road to the 2014 FIFA World Cupâ„ ¢ - Fast† commercial advertises a pair of Adidas soccer cleats. Furthermore, the ad is trying to persuade young athletes to buy this product. The appeal is to ethos because the ad relies on the credibility of a professional athlete. The next ad in this time slot is from Old Spice, â€Å"The Man Your Man Could Smell Like.† This is in the demographic category of gender as it appeals to both men and women. Men will be great if they wear the product. Also, women should buy the product so their man will smell great. The next time slot is the ten a.m. to four p.m. window. The ads aired during this time generally aim to reach the older generation and have to do with aging. Another target is children when they arrive home from school. A commercial that depicts how advertisers target the elder age group is from Coca-Cola, â€Å"Older Couple Turn into Adorable Kids.† The appeal is ethos; older people will feel and appear younger after theyShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Techniques Used in Rolex Advertisements Essay594 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States. Rolex Company makes several advertisements on their products. One of the advertisements, they used a famous person and strong persuasion techniques which consist of ethos, pathos and logos to convince the audience who wants to be successful to buy their products. This advertisement has been watched throughout the states and persuaded many people to fall in to it. What makes this advertisement special is that it carries different kinds of persuasion techniques. When the creator post theRead MoreWhat Is Advertising?1110 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisement is defined as an act of advertising. It is a medium chosen by business sphere in order to introduce their products or services to the public. For instance, poster, radio advertisement, television advertisement, notices, and other paid advertisement are designed to attract the consumers. Advertisement more concern on images and graphics instead of words. While, advertising is defined as non personal communication of information usually paid for attract the buyers. Advertising is essentiallyRead MoreAdvertising : The Magic System786 Words   |  4 Pagesnature of advertisement has changed from a system to attract â€Å"specific attention† (similar to modern day classifieds) to a system that broadcasts â€Å"commercial information and persuasion† (p. 170, 184) 2. This change in advertising methodology is paralleled to changes in social and economic structures (p. 170, 177-178) 3. Through capitalism, the minority will increasing get involved in cultivating culture and values of the masses through advertisements (p. 184, 187-188). 4. Advertisement is the artRead MoreYou Cannot Trust Fast Food Companies679 Words   |  3 PagesWe have all seen those advertisements that show glorious looking hamburgers that look like are simply exploding with tasty goodness, but how many times has our food actually looked like the advertisement? In my experience, that number would be zero. These advertisements are meant to trick our minds into thinking fast food is much better than it is in reality. Although, this argument could be made about just about any company in this age of brand personification, but just because other companiesRead MoreASPCA ASPCA Uses Aristotles Power of Persuasion Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesASPCA and the Power of Persuasion Advertisers all have one goal in common, that is an ad that is catching to a consumer’s attention. In today’s fast paced society there are so many selling products and charities. As I exam the advertisement for the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty for Animals (ASPCA), I will show how they use the pathos, ethos, and logos – also known as Aristotle’s Theory of Persuasion. Pathos is an emotional appeal in which the advertisers hope that the consumersRead MoreMedia Influences On Children s Life1742 Words   |  7 Pagesnot provide the necessary information about the health risks associated with its meals that they eat. Placing the blame into the fast food industry for allegedly contributing to their obesity and health problems. The media through many types of advertisement promotes unhealthy foods, high in saturated fat, large amounts of fructose sugars, salt, as the ideal food options. Many may agree that it was their own wrongdoing that contributed to their obesity, but what about if people would give the teenagersRead MoreEffects Of Advertising Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pageswhere we contribute to the prominence of advertising; however, the effects upon us are unknown. Advertising can be seen in the majority of the world, it has gotten to the point in which people become almost completely oblivious to them. People see advertisement in stores, in b illboards, television, and even their homes. It has come to the point where people believe they are not affected by these ads but that is not the case. Advertising has various effects on the world such as educating society, persuadingRead MoreUse of Logos, Ethos, and Pathos for Rhetorical Appeal in Advertising1020 Words   |  4 Pagescertain manner, or the purchase particular products. Unlike speech in which an individual relies on their persona and content of speech to get their point across to an audience or consumer, advertisements use images to enhance the impact and appeal of logos, ethos, and pathos. One of the most influential advertisements that is frequently shown on television that use these three appeals is the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) commercials that urge viewers to help the organizationsRead MoreSelling Happiness : The Illusion Of Persuasion1715 Words   |  7 PagesHappiness: The Illusion of Persuasion in Advertising In today s society, it is nearly impossible to go anywhere without the potential of seeing advertisements. â€Å"It is is the corners of elevators, as you play golf, and there are ads in the bottom of the cups. We see it as we look to the sky and see skywriting, or as a bus passes by, and there is an ad scrawled across the side. Advertising is everywhere and suffocating us† (Goodman, 2004). Despite the bombardment of advertisements we face on a daily basisRead MoreEthos And Its Effect On Society1129 Words   |  5 Pagesappeal to character. It is one of Aristotle’s three ingredients of persuasion known as logos, the appeal to logic, pathos, the appeal to emotion, and ethos, arguably the most important and persuasive part of an argument. Ethos is the strongest and most effective method of persuasion that establishes likability and credibility which creates a trustworthy bond and hooks the crowd into listening. It is used constantly in advertisement and everyday life, so much so that people don’t notice it. For example

The Left Brain vs. The Right Brain How Does This Impact...

Have you ever heard that old saying that humans only use ten percent of their brains? Or that you’re a right or left brain thinker? Well there has been a lot of research done to figure out exactly how to figure what side of the brain you think with most and how our brain functions and operates. Doctors, scientists and psychologists have all looked deep into the brains anatomy to help figure out the different functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and how to identify dominant learning styles and characteristics. â€Å"The side of the brain we tend to use more may determine our learning styles, not to mention instructors’ teaching methods†(Ryo, 2012 par. 4). Everyone has they’re own learning styles and characteristics†¦show more content†¦One of those methods where using quizzes, they would comprise a quiz of ten questions based of two options to choose from. Also the teacher would take a similar quiz to help themselves identify their dominant side of the brain and there learning styles so that they could adjust there teaching methods, so they wouldn’t be teaching only based off of their natural learning styles (Oflaz, 2011). In addition to brain dominance, theories and studies have been done to find out what each side of the brain controls what certain functions. Nobel prize winner Dr. Roger W Sperry has provided a lot of knowledge and information covering the different sides of the brain and how they differ from each other. He was known for conducting split-brain research, which means cutting the corpus callosum that connects the left side to the right side of the brain (Morris, 2006). Most of the research was performed on these people because they where patients suffering from brain damage or epilepsy (Morris, 2006). One of his patients was asked verbally â€Å"what do you want to do?† and simultaneously was supposed to reply using scrabble letters, he replied â€Å"draftsman† and with scrabble letters replied â€Å" automobile race† (Morris, 2006). Clearly Sperry figured out that his patient was seeing something different than he was thinking. A quote from Sperry that summarized his research was, â€Å"Everything we have seen indicates thatShow MoreRelatedLeft Brain vs Right Brain; How It Affects Learning Essay11 47 Words   |  5 PagesThe Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How This Impacts Learning Troy J. Miller COLL100 I059 Sum 12 American Public University System Megan Doyle The Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How This Impacts Learning Over years there has been extensive research done by different psychologists suggesting that our brain works in two different ways. Some of these researchers also believe that the left and right sides of our brain work hand in hand with each other, and that one cannot functionRead MoreLeft Brain vs Right Brain Research Paper947 Words   |  4 PagesLeft brain VS Right brain Matthew Stafford Davenport University 10/25/2012 Right Brain Your brain processes and reacts to certain situations in many different ways. This is directly due to either being left brain or right brain. What is left brain or right brain you ask? People use either side to approach solutions to a variety of problems with different outcomes. People who are left brain tend to approach each problem with an analytical point of view. Right brain thinkers tend toRead More Left Brain vs Right Brain Essay1512 Words   |  7 PagesThe Left Brain vs The Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning Do you ever hear some people say that, ‘I learn this way, because I’m left or right brain dominant,’ but what is your learning style? Some people go majority of their life, not knowing which learning style works for them. It is good to know what this learning style is so people can respond most effectively to the material being presented. Templeton (2003). The better people know their own learning style, the faster they can developRead MoreThe Theories Of Schizophreni Dopamine, Glutamate, Brain Abnormalities, And Nature Vs. Nurture813 Words   |  4 PagesThe four theories that are behind the cause of schizophrenia as referenced in the PowerPoint are Dopamine, Glutamate, Brain Abnormalities, and Nature vs. Nurture / More than one cause. 1. Dopamine Definition Dopamine is a neurotransmitter. It is one of the chemicals that is responsible for transmitting signals between the neurons of the brain. However, very few of those neurons actually produce dopamine. (psychologytoday.com) Theory The main theory concerning dopamine is that too much it canRead More Learning Styles and the Brain1645 Words   |  7 PagesHow Did You Know That?!Learning Styles and the Brain Although most commonly framed in academic contexts, learning style lies at the foundation of individual identity and development. Learning, the process of acquiring knowledge about the world (1) and learning style, ...the sum of the patterns of how individuals develop habitual ways of responding to experience (2) reflect an array of attitudes, emotional responses, preferences and habits. It is the basis of how we interact with, processRead MoreTransformational Leadeship in Organizations in the 21st Century1671 Words   |  7 Pages5 The Role of Transformational Leadership in Organizational Performance 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Globalization along with the increasing dynamics of business today, coupled with the impact of the global economic downturn, has forced organizations to adapt effective and sustainable strategies to remain competitive and achieve above average performance levels. Transformational leadership is one way that organizations aim to becomeRead MoreEssay on Dreams: The True Form of Therapy1390 Words   |  6 Pageswith problem solving because the dreaming mind makes connections more quickly than the waking mind does. It also helps in processing painful emotions with symbolic associations. The brain often associates emotion with a symbol. The model of dreaming is a process more like therapy. People run through ideas and emotions and place them in a broader psychological context. Dreams can have a very big impact on people’s lives. When dreaming there are two options. Dreaming can be done in either black andRead MoreThe Impact Of Sensory Processing Disorder On Development And Development1500 Words   |  6 Pagesperiods. This essay will focus on the early childhood period that ranges from two to five or six years of age. Firstly, this essay will describe the typical developmental milestones during early childhood and how they play an important role in each developmental stage that follows. Secondly, it will analyse how the home and educational environments influence early childhood. Finally, it will define Auditory Processing Disorder and the characteristics of a child with this condition. This essay willRead Moreintend to expose in their studies how Educational Neuroscience can reshape educational policies and1500 Words   |  6 Pagestheir studies how Educational Neuroscience can reshape educational policies and practices in teaching and learning the core content areas, especially in timing and sequencin g content exposure. One approach was to study whether exposing a young child to two languages caused delay in language development and language confusion. Studies revealed that the optimal age for dual language development was before age five. Children were not delayed in phonetic contrasts acquisition. Imaging brains of monolingualRead MorePsychology P1 and M13058 Words   |  13 Pagesapproach The behaviourist theory focuses on the study of observed behaviours and learning theories the three theories are; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and the social learning theory. Within the behaviourist approach there are three different theorists these are; Skinner, Bandura and Pavlov. The first learning theory was approached by the theorist Pavlov. The theory he approached was classical conditioning. This theory is pairing a reflex response with a stimuli. A reflex is an automatic

Jewish Resistance to Nazi Occupation Free Essays

Emmery Cary Mr. Harvey Social Studies Research Paper 10 November 2012 Jewish Resistance From early 1930s to middle 1940s, Jews in Germany, Poland, and other parts of Europe faced discrimination from Hitler and the Nazis. They were sent to ghettos and later concentration camps and extermination camps. We will write a custom essay sample on Jewish Resistance to Nazi Occupation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the ghettos, Jews had to live in small homes and consumed small amounts of food. In addition, disease and death were rampant. Living conditions were worse in the concentration camps. In contrast to common belief, not all Jews accepted such unreasonable and unequal treatments of the Nazis. Consequently, Jews resisted in various forms. Resistance by the Jews could be as simple as planning uprisings and escapes. They disguised themselves as Aryans (non-Jewish people). They organized secret schools and religious services, hid Jewish books, and wrote diaries about life and death. The effort to preserve their traditions was a kind of spiritual resistance. (Fidhkin 8) Resistance took forms without weapons. For many, attempting to carry on a semblance of â€Å"normal† life in the face of wretched conditions was resistance. David Altshuler writes in Hitler’s War against the Jews about life in the ghettos, which sustained Jewish culture in the midst of hopelessness and despair. (Grobman) Underground newspapers were printed and distributed at great risk to those who participated. Praying was against the rules, but synagogue services occurred with regularity. The education of Jewish children was forbidden, but the ghetto communities set up schools. The observance of many Jewish rituals, including dietary laws, was severely punished by the Nazis, and many Jews took great risks to resist the Nazi edicts against these activities. Committees were organized to meet the philanthropic, religious, educational, and cultural community needs. Many of these committees defied Nazi authority. (Grobman) The Jews did not care that these actions were against the rules. They felt they needed to keep their race and religion alive and they did whatever they needed to do peacefully. Some Jews thought differently though. Many Jews thought they needed to use violence to beat the Nazis. Nazi-sponsored persecution and mass murder fueled resistance to the Germans in the Third Reich itself and throughout occupied Europe. Although Jews were the Nazis’ primary victims, they too resisted Nazi oppression in a variety of ways, both collectively and as individuals. Organized armed resistance was the most forceful form of Jewish opposition to Nazi policies in German-occupied Europe. Jewish civilians offered armed resistance in over 100 ghettos in occupied Poland and the Soviet Union. Also in Eastern Europe, Jewish units fought the Germans despite minimal support and even anti-Semitic hostility from the surrounding population, thousands of Jews battled the Germans in Eastern Europe. Jews resisted when the Germans attempted to establish ghettos in a number of small towns in eastern Poland in 1942. As the Germans liquidated the major ghettos in 1943, they met with armed Jewish resistance in Krakow (Cracow), Bialystok, Czestochowa, Bedzin, Sosnowiec, and Tarnow, as well as a major uprising in Warsaw. Between July 22 and September 12, 1942, the German authorities deported or murdered around 300,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto. SS and police units deported 265,000 Jews to the Treblinka killing center and 11,580 to forced-labor camps. The Germans and their auxiliaries murdered more than 10,000 Jews in the Warsaw ghetto during the deportation operations. The German authorities granted only 35,000 Jews permission to remain in the ghetto, while more than 20,000 Jews remained in the ghetto in hiding. For the at least 55,000-60,000 Jews remaining in the Warsaw ghetto, deportation seemed inevitable. In response to the deportations, on July 28, 1942, several Jewish underground organizations created an armed self-defense unit known as the Jewish Combat Organization (Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa; ZOB). Rough estimates put the size of the ZOB at its formation at around 200 members. The Revisionist Party (right-wing Zionists known as the Betar) formed another resistance organization, the Jewish Military Union (Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy; ZZW). Although initially there was tension between the ZOB and the ZZW, both groups decided to work together to oppose German attempts to destroy the ghetto. At the time of the uprising, the ZOB had about 500 fighters in its ranks and the ZZW had about 250. While efforts to establish contact with the Polish military underground movement (Armia Krajowa, or Home Army) did not succeed during the summer of 1942, the ZOB established contact with the Home Army in October, and obtained a small number of weapons, mostly pistols and explosives, from Home Army contacts. In accordance with Reichsfuhrer-SS (SS chief) Heinrich Himmler’s October 1942 order to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto and deport its able-bodied residents to forced labor camps in Lublin District of the Generalgouvernement, German SS and police units tried to resume mass deportations of Jews from Warsaw on January 18, 1943. A group of Jewish fighters, armed with pistols, infiltrated a column of Jews being forced to the Umschlagplatz (transfer point) and, at a prearranged signal, broke ranks and fought their German escorts. Most of these Jewish fighters died in the battle, but the attack sufficiently disoriented the Germans to allow the Jews arranged in columns at the Umschlagplatz a chance to disperse. After seizing 5,000-6,500 ghetto residents to be deported, the Germans suspended further deportations on January 21. Encouraged by the apparent success of the resistance, which they believed may have halted deportations, members of the ghetto population began to construct subterranean bunkers and shelters in preparation for an uprising should the Germans attempt a final deportation of all remaining Jews in the reduced ghetto. The German forces intended to begin the operation to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto on April 19, 1943, the eve of Passover. When SS and police units entered the ghetto that morning, the streets were deserted. Nearly all of the residents of the ghetto had gone into hiding places or bunkers. The renewal of deportations was the signal for an armed uprising within the ghetto. ZOB commander Mordecai Anielewicz commanded the Jewish fighters in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. Armed with pistols, grenades (many of them homemade), and a few automatic weapons and rifles, the ZOB fighters stunned the Germans and their auxiliaries on the first day of fighting, forcing the German forces to retreat outside the ghetto wall. German commander SS General Jurgen Stroop reported losing 12 men, killed and wounded, during the first assault on the ghetto. On the third day of the uprising, Stroop’s SS and police forces began razing the ghetto to the ground, building by building, to force the remaining Jews out of hiding. Jewish resistance fighters made sporadic raids from their bunkers, but the Germans systematically reduced the ghetto to rubble. The German forces killed Anielewicz and those with him in an attack on the ZOB command bunker on 18 Mila Street, which they captured on May 8. Though German forces broke the organized military resistance within days of the beginning of the uprising, individuals and small groups hid or fought the Germans for almost a month. The Germans had planned to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto in three days, but the ghetto fighters held out for more than a month. Even after the end of the uprising on May 16, 1943, individual Jews hiding out in the ruins of the ghetto continued to attack the patrols of the Germans and their auxiliaries. The Warsaw ghetto uprising was the largest, symbolically most important Jewish uprising, and the first urban uprising, in German-occupied Europe. The resistance in Warsaw inspired other uprisings in ghettos (e. g. , Bialystok and Minsk) and killing centers (Treblinka and Sobibor). The Jews didn’t break even after being tortured and killed by the Germans. The Jews fought the Nazis until their death. In every ghetto, in every deportation train, in every labor camp, even in the death camps, the will to resist was strong, and took many forms. The Jews were fighting with the few weapons that would be found, individual acts of defiance and protest, the courage of obtaining food and water under the threat of death, the superiority of refusing to allow the Germans their final wish to gloat over panic and despair. To die with dignity was a form of resistance. To resist the demoralizing, brutalizing force of evil, to refuse to be reduced to the level of animals, to live through the torment, to outlive the tormentors, these too were acts of resistance. Merely to give a witness of these events in testimony was, in the end, a contribution to victory. Simply to survive was a victory of the human spirit. How to cite Jewish Resistance to Nazi Occupation, Essay examples

Reforestation Essay Example For Students

Reforestation Essay The purpose of this written report is to inform the reader about the concerns and facts involved with reforestation. Reforestation began in Ontario after World War II. What happened was, professional foresters were assigned to an area and became responsible for its well being. Under the Crown Timber Act, long term management was prepared. Then the many steps needed to rebuild a forest began.Included in this report will be information on the effects of cutting and replanting, such as Carbon Dioxide, and Global Warming. Following this will be methods for planning a forest, and how they are conveyed before planting in a forest begins. There are many reasons why forests are cut down. One is to benefit economically, with furniture and home building. But there is also another reason. Arguments say â€Å"the United States could help slow the atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide by replacing old-growth forests with faster-growing young trees†. A new study of young and old forest s says how this is in fact not true. Loggers have said that new trees pull the carbon dioxide better than old trees, and this may seem true, but it is not. There is one point being overlooked from all of this. The older, larger trees can store much, much more carbon dioxide than a new tree could. By cutting and burning these magnificent seasoned trees, the CO2 is being released back into the atmosphere. These releases of carbon dioxide add up in our surroundings, only to intensify Global Warming. Although this shows what happens when one burns and cuts down old forests, one must still plant new trees for long term plans, not letting them grow for a few years, to then cut them down. There are many methods for planning a forest. The simplest method of replanting a forest is to leave it to nature. A suitable seed bed in which trees will readily take root is integral for successful regeneration. Reducing competition by eliminating grass, weed or shrubs is another requirement in securing a new crop of trees. These will sprout to produce seedlings. Though the weeds were eliminated before, they still grow back, and because of this poor, quality trees will grow. Another method though, is to create a planned forest, where new conifers are grown from seed in a special nursery. Seeding is a reforestation technique used mainly in the Boreal forest area where fire or logging tends to leave no or very little seeds for growth. In specific cases, Ministry staff seed the area with treated tree seeds. Following this is the planting. In many cases, planting is the only means of initiating a new forest. Up to 80 000 000 trees are planted annually in Ontario on Crown and private land. Usually immature forests have to be tended to. Once situated, a new crop needs intermittent care for the next 60 to 100 years. This means continuing protection from fires, disease and insects and routine thinning to focus the growth on selected crop trees.Before a forest can be grown, certain procedu res must first occur. Collecting and processing seeds is one of them. Tree flowers fertilized by blowing winds or insects generate seed, in a time of somewhere within 1 to 2 years. Seed collecting from the woods must be timed with periodically occurring good seed years. Angus, near Barrie, is where all forest tree seed collection is co-ordinated. Stock of seeds can value up to $500 000. Usually this is around 3 billion seeds from 59 tree classes. In summary of the aforesaid, trees are very valuable to the human race economically and for health. Without trees the environment could worsen to the point where we would be living on one large dessert. We must remember that forest do not grow as easily as they used to because of fires and other disasters. This is why many forests are planned, and cared for. Most of us will never now how they turn out because for a forest to completely grow, it needs within anywhere from 60 to 100 years or more. There are many reasons why we should have ref orestation. One being mostly that we need forest to live! Without forests, or any type of plant, the carbon cycle can’t result. There are not many arguments against reforestation, but there can be some opposition for the land being used between a large business company and the Ministry.I feel replanting of forests is very crucial to the human race. The earth depends on many cycles, where one organism depends on the other because of what it does. We, exhale carbon dioxide which the trees take in, while they give off vital oxygen. In closing, we live in an age of technology, leaving behind us the past. With the past we are forgetting forests; we must make sure this doesn’t happen.Andrew Likakis Mr. Jan GCA- 2A December 14, 1991 .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 , .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .postImageUrl , .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 , .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:hover , .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:visited , .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:active { border:0!important; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:active , .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6 .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6acb9b292d371614a3b6b89a83f02ff6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pro-Life: The Opposite of Pro-Death Essay

What Makes You Happy free essay sample

Before I answer this question I want to tell something . Do you know what really means to be happy. I think everyone will say yes. But if you dont know the true meanings of sadness, pain and loneliness it means that you dont know the real happiness. There are 6 billion people living in this world. They are all different and they all have their own lives to live. What Im trying to say is â€Å"Happiness comes with a price†. Like after you finish some hard task successfully you can see the results of your work so that you can proud of your self or when you accomplish something you are happy thats how it is. For me when Im successful or fall in love with someone (which is really interesting and entertaining) im really happy. Of course there are lot of things to write down here but its too much. Suddenly I want to write this story or example. Maybe it could make you think about some thing. K here says: I may be an awful person. Today my lover Just rejected me. Actually from the beginning I knew this could happen but I didnt care because I was happy just for being with her. After she rejected me I was really depressed and didnt know what to do. However few hours later I already started to forget about her.I think the reason Is I fell In love with another girl and that made me much more relieved and happy. Like I said earlier Im an awful person. But Its my life and I will do things by my way. After my research through Internet I Jumped to this conclusion, happiness Is not a mere dream a person has to reach and become happy. It Is the state of mind a person creates right now. Happiness Is a reaction to actions that happen to a person. Consequently, happiness Is a persons positive attitude to the life In general and to mom certain moments In the life In particular.A human being cannot be happy all the time. In general, happiness Is unstable and everyone has Its own understanding of It. So live the fullest and try to find happiness In every moment you breath. :Arab II :Z. Mandarin What Makes You Happy By Mandalay dont know the true meanings of sadness, pain and loneliness it means that you dont reason is I fell in love with another girl and that made me much more relieved and happy. Like I said earlier Im an awful person. But its my life and I will do things byAfter my research through internet I Jumped to this conclusion, happiness is not a mere dream a person has to reach and become happy. It is the state of mind a person creates right now. Happiness is a reaction to actions that happen to a person. Consequently, happiness is a persons positive attitude to the life in general and to some certain moments in the life in particular. A human being cannot be happy all the time. In general, happiness is unstable and everyone has its own understanding of it. So live the fullest and try to find happiness in every moment you breath.